CARYOPHYLLIDAE

Embryos surround perisperm or endosperm, produce betalains instead of anthocyanins, except for Caryophyllaceae and Molluginaceae, which produce anthocyanins

Phytolaccaceae - Herbs, simple leaves, fleshy fruits

Aizoaceae - Succulent, bladder-like cells on epidermis, leave apex windowlike in Lithops

Nyctaginaceae - Conscipuous involucre, CA corolla-like, CO absent, genera - Mirabilis, Bougainvillea

Cactaceae - Succulent, spines, areoles

Portulacaceae - Herbs, fleshy leaves, fruit a capsule dehiscent by valves or circumsessile

Chenopodiaceae - Sepals fused, flowers reduced, fruit indehiscent, genera - Chenopodium, Beta, Spinacia

Amaranthaceae - Herbs, flowers reduced, sepals free, flowers subtended by bracts, genera - Amaranthus, Celosia

Caryophyllaceae - Swollen nodes, leaves opposite and connected by line, no betalains

Molluginaceae - No betalains

Polygonaceae - Swollen nodes, ocrea, genera - Polygonum, Rumex, Rheum